TINGKAT STRES DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB STRES PADA STAF KONTRAKTOR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.9744/duts.10.1.1-19Keywords:
tingkat stres, faktor-faktor penyebab stres, staf kontraktor, analisis structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS)Abstract
Karakteristik dari proyek konstruksi dan tuntutan dari berbagai pihak dapat menyebabkan staf kontraktor mengalami banyak tekanan. Apabila hal itu terjadi secara terus menerus, orang tersebut dapat mengalami stres. Stres merupakan respon yang berbahaya dari seorang, baik secara fisik maupun emosional. Kondisi ini juga dapat berdampak buruk/negatif pada staf kontraktor, contohnya menurunnya produktivitas dan kepuasan kerja. Penelitian ini menganalisis tingkat stres serta faktor-faktor penyebabnya pada staf kontraktor. Target responden berupa staf kontraktor yang bekerja secara langsung pada lokasi proyek di Surabaya dan sekitarnya. Data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS). Hasil dari pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa staf kontraktor mengalami tingkat stres subjektif yang tergolong sedang dan tingkat stres objektif yang tergolong sangat rendah. Sementara, faktor-faktor penyebab stres yang memiliki nilai mean yang paling tinggi adalah beban kerja berlebihan dan birokrasi dari organisasi. Sedangkan, hasil pengujian SEM-PLS menunjukkan ada enam hubungan yang signifikan.
References
Allen, R. J. (1983). Human Stress: its Nature and Control, Burgess.
Arrman, N. and Björk, E. (2017). “The Causes and Effects of Occupational Stress in the Construction Industry.” Master’s Thesis, Chalmers University of Technology.
Bhui, K., Dinos, S., Galant-Miecznikowska, M., de Jongh, B., and Stansfeld, S. (2016). “Perceptions of Work Stress Causes and Effective Interventions in Employees Working in Public, Private and Non-Governmental Organisations: A Qualitative Study.” BIPsych Bulletin. Vol. 40, No. 6, 318-325.
Bowen, P., Edwards, P., and Lingard, H. (2013). “Workplace Stress Experienced by Construction Professionals in Sout Africa.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. Vol. 139, No. 4, 392-403.
Campbell, F. (2006). Occupational Stress in the Construction Industry, CIOB.
Daenzer, B. E., and Phoenix, U. O. (2009). “Quantitative Correlation of Leadership Styles and Job Stress in A Midwest United States Auto Company.” Dissertation, University of Phoenix.
Enhassi, A., El-Rayyes, Y., and Alkilani, S. (2015). “Job Stress, Job Burnout, and Safety Performance in the Palestinian Construction Industry.” Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction. Vol. 20, No. 2, 170-187.
Enhassi, A., and Al-Swaity, E. (2015). “Key Stressors Leading to Construction Professionals’ Stress in the Gaza Strip, Palestine.” Journal of Construction in Developing Countries. Vol. 20, No. 2, 53-79.
Ervianto, W. I. (2006). Eksplorasi Teknologi dalam Proyek Konstruksi (Beton Pracetak dan Bekisting), Andi Offset.
Evans, P. D. (1990). “Type A Behavior and Coronary Heart Disease: When Will the Jury Return?” British Journal of Psychology. Vol. 81, No. 2,147-158.
French, J., and Caplan, R. (1970). “Psychosocial Factors in Coronary Heart Disease”. Industrial Medicine and Surgery. Vol. 39, 383-397.
Ghozali, I. (2006). Structural Equation Modeling Metode Alternatif Dengan Partial Least Square, Universitas Diponegoro
Ghozali, I. & Latan, H. (2015). Partial Least Square Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program SMARTPLS 3.0 untuk Penelitian Empiris, Universitas Diponegoro
Gmelch, W. H. (1982). Beyond Stress to Effective Management, Wiley.
Hair, J. F., Hult, T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling, SAGE Publication, Inc.
James, K. (1999). “Re-thinking Organizational Stress: the Transition to the New Employment Age.” Journal of Managerial Psychology. Vol. 14, No. 7-8, 545-557.
Khattak, M. A., Urooj, S. F., Khattak, J., and Iqbal, N. (2011). “Impact of Role Ambiguity on Job Satisfaction: Mediating Role of Job Stress.” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. Vol. 1, No. 3, 516-531.
Kioko, R. K. (2020). “Stress Levels among Construction Workers in Kibera Resettlement Action Plan Project in Nairobi City County, Kenya.” Thesis, Kenyatta University.
Leung, M., Chan, Y. S. I., and Dongyu, C. (2011). “Structural Linear Relationship between Job Stress, Burnout, Physiological Stress, and Performance of Construction Project Managers.” Engineering Construction and Architectural Management. Vol. 18, No. 23, 312-328.
Leung, M., Chan, Y. S. I., and Yu, J. (2009). “Integrated Model for the Stressors and Stresses of Construction Project Managers in Hong Kong.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. Vol. 135, No. 2, 126-134.
Leung, M., Skitmore, M., and Chan, Y. S. I. (2007). “Subjective and Objective Stress in Construction Cost Estimation.” Construction Management and Economics. Vol. 25, No. 10, 1063-1075.
Leung, M., Zhang, H., and Skitmore, M. (2008). “Effects of Organizational Supports on the Stress of Construction Estimating Participants.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. Vol. 134, No. 2.
Love, P. E. D., Edwards, D. J., and Irani, Z. (2010). “Work Stress, Support, and Mental Health in Construction.” Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. Vol. 136, No. 6, 650-658.
Maslach, C., Jackson, S., and Leiter, M. P. (1997). Maslach Burnout Inventory, third edtion, Consulting Psychologists Press.
Mostert, K., Peeters, M., & Rost, I. (2011). “Work-Home Interference and the Relationship with Job Characteristic and Well-Being: A South African Study among Employees in the Construction Industry.” Stress and Health. Vol. 27, No. 3, e238-e251.
Naoum, S. G., Herrero, C., and Fong, D. (2018). “Integrated Model for the Stressors, Stress, and Stress-Coping Behaviour of Construction Project Managers in the UK.” International Journal of Managing Project in Business. Vol. 11, No. 3, 761-782.
Nursetyo, G. (2015). “Kajian Manajemen Risiko Bisnis Jasa Konstruksi.” Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur. Vol. 16, No. 20.
Pindek, S. Zhou, Z. E., Kessler, S. R., Krajcevska, A., and Spector, P. E. (2021). “The Lingering Curvilinear Effect of Workload on Employee Rumination and Negative Emotions: A Diary Study.” Work and Stress. Vol. 36, No. 4, 1-20.
Prasetyono, P. N. (2015). “Faktor Penyebab Stres Kerja Karyawan Kontraktor di Surabaya.” Master’s thesis, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh November.
Rossi, A. M., Quick, J. C., and Perrewe, P. L. (Eds.). (2009). Stress and Quality of Working Life: the Positive and the Negative, Information Age Publishing.
Sarwono, Y. (2014). “Pengertian Dasar Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).” Ilmiah Manajemen Bisnis, Vol. 10, No. 3, 173-182.
Soeharto, I. (1999). Manajemen Proyek, second edition, Erlangga.
Shultz, K. S., Wang, M., and Olson, D. A. (2008). “Role Overload and Underload in Relation to Stress and Health.” Stress and Health. Vol. 26, No. 2, 99-111.
Tomei, G., Cherubini, E., Ciarrocca, M., Biondi, M., Rosati, M. V., Tarsitani, L., Capozzella, A., Monti, C., and Tomei, F. (2006). “Assessment of Subjective Stress in the Municipal Police Force at the Start and at the End of the Shift.” Stress Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress. Vol. 22, No. 4, 239-247.
